Internertional Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS) Advanced Officer Certification Practice Exam

Stalking can be defined as what?

1. Unwanted e-mails

2. Photographing

3. Obsessive phone calls

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Stalking encompasses a range of behaviors that are generally characterized by persistent unwanted attention or contact that creates fear or concern in the targeted individual. Each of the behaviors mentioned — unwanted e-mails, photographing, and obsessive phone calls — can individually contribute to a pattern of stalking behavior. Unwanted e-mails may invade the personal space of the victim and can convey threatening or harassing messages, thereby adding to feelings of anxiety or fear. Photographing someone without their consent, especially in a persistent manner, can create a sense of being pursued or surveilled, which is a key element of the stalking experience. Obsessive phone calls further reinforce the unwanted nature of the attention, creating a situation where the victim feels constantly monitored or harassed. When these behaviors are combined — as they often are in stalking situations — they build a larger context of intimidation and distress for the individual being targeted. Thus, defining stalking as all of the above accurately reflects the various tactics that can be utilized and the impact they can have on someone’s sense of safety and personal autonomy.